Plates-formes de travail mobiles

Le saviez-vous?

La personne propriétaire doit tenir un registre complet et concis de toute information concernant les inspections, les essais, l’entretien et les réparations structurelles, électroniques et de machines qui ont une incidence directe sur la sécurité d’une plate-forme de travail élévatrice portative.

Résumé

En Nouvelle-Écosse, les plates-formes de travail mobiles sont régies par le règlement sur la santé et la sécurité en milieu de travail Workplace Health and Safety Regulations (N.S. Reg. 52/2013). Plate-forme de travail mobile ou plate-forme de travail élévatrice : « une surface de travail horizontale mobile qui permet à une personne d’accéder à un lieu de travail et de le soutenir, et qui s’élève et s’abaisse au moyen d’un mécanisme conforme à la partie 23 : Échafaudages et autres plates-formes de travail surélevées (Scaffolds and Other Elevated Work-platforms) ». [N.S. Reg. 52/2013, s. 23.13]

Différents types de plates-formes de travail mobiles sont couverts, notamment les plates-formes de travail élévatrices motorisées, les plates-formes de travail élévatrices portables, automotrices et automotrices à bras articulé, les plates-formes de travail soutenues par une grue et les plates-formes de travail se déplaçant le long de mâts.

Le risque le plus courant pour les personnes lors de l’utilisation de plates-formes élévatrices mobiles est la chute.

La législation précise les responsabilités de l’employeur, qui doit veiller à ce que des procédures de travail sûres soient mises en place avant l’utilisation de plates-formes de travail mobiles et qu’elles soient respectées pendant les opérations. Les exigences législatives précisent que diverses normes doivent être respectées à la fois pour la conception, la construction, le montage, l’entretien, l’inspection, le contrôle et l’utilisation des plates-formes élévatrices mobiles de travail. En général, ces normes couvrent les critères de conception et de fabrication, l’inspection, l’entretien, les essais, la vérification, les pratiques d’exploitation sûres, la formation des opératrices ou opérateurs et les responsabilités des différents rôles.

Il incombe à l’employeur de faire ce qui suit :

Plates-formes de travail élévatrices :

  • S’assurer que les plates-formes de travail élévatrices portables, automotrices et automotrices à bras articulé sont conçues, construites, montées, entretenues, inspectées, contrôlées et utilisées conformément aux versions les plus récentes des normes énumérées dans le règlement, comme suit : [N.S. Reg. 52/2013, s. 23.13(1)]
    • Norme CSA B354.6, « Plates-formes de travail élévatrices mobiles de personnel - Conception, calculs, exigences de sécurité et méthodes d’essai ».
    • Norme CSA B354.7, « Plates-formes de travail élévatrices mobiles – Principes de sécurité, inspection, entretien et exploitation ».
    • Norme CSA B354.8, « Plates-formes élévatrices mobiles de travail – Formation des opérateurs (conducteurs) ».
    • Norme CSA C225, « Dispositifs aériens montés sur véhicule ».
  • S’assurer que les plates-formes de travail élévatrices utilisées pour la lutte contre l’incendie sont conçues, construites, érigées, entretenues, inspectées, contrôlées et utilisées conformément à la dernière version des normes énumérées ci-dessous : [N.S. Reg. 52/2013, s. 23.13(2)]
    • Norme NFPA 1901, « Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus » (en anglais seulement).
    • Norme NFPA 1911, « Standard for the Inspection, Maintenance, Testing and Retirement of In Service Automotive Fire Apparatus » (en anglais seulement).
  • S’assurer que le registre des inspections, des essais, des réparations, des modifications et des activités d’entretien, comme l’exigent les normes, comporte le nom et la signature de la personne ou des personnes qui ont effectué les activités requises. [N.S. Reg. 52/2013, s. 23.13(3)]
  • S’assurer que l’équipement de protection contre les chutes est porté et fixé à un ancrage approprié avant d’utiliser l’équipement de plate-forme de travail mobile, que des garde-corps soient également installés ou non, et conformément à la partie 21 : Protection contre les chutes (voir le thème Protection contre les chutes [Fall Protection]). [N.S. Reg. 52/2013, s. 23.13(4)]
  • S’assurer à ce qu’une personne ne soit pas soulevée ou maintenue en l’air dans un équipement qui n’est pas précisément conçu à cet effet, y compris les godets de chargeurs ou les pelles rétrocaveuses, sauf autorisation expresse dans le règlement ou dans un autre texte législatif. [N.S. Reg. 52/2013, s. 23.16]

Plates-formes de travail supportées par des grues :

  • S’assurer que les plates-formes de travail soutenues par des grues sont conçues, entretenues, inspectées et utilisées conformément à la dernière version de la norme CSA Z150, « Code de sécurité sur les grues mobiles ». [N.S. Reg. 52/2013, s. 23.14(1)]
  • La personne opérant une grue ou un treuil pour suspendre une plate-forme de travail doit disposer d’un moyen efficace de communication permanente avec la personne qui se trouve sur la plate-forme. [N.S. Reg. 52/2013, s. 23.14(2)]

Plates-formes de travail se déplaçant le long de mâts :

  • S’assurer que la plate-forme de travail pour l’ascension de mâts est conçue, construite, érigée, entretenue, inspectée et utilisée conformément à la dernière version de la norme CSA mentionnée dans le règlement, comme suit : [N.S. Reg. 52/2013, s. 23.15]
    • Norme CSA B354.9, « Conception, calculs, exigences relatives à la sécurité et méthodes d’essai pour les plates-formes de transport se déplaçant le long de mâts ».
    • Norme CSA B354.10, « Usage sécuritaire et meilleures méthodes pour les plates-formes de travail se déplaçant le long de mâts ».
    • Norme CSA B354.11, « Formation reliée aux plates-formes de travail se déplaçant le long de mâts ».

Il incombe aux membres du personnel de faire ce qui suit :

  • Lors de l’utilisation d’une plate-forme mobile élévatrice :
    • Suivre une formation appropriée sur le fonctionnement des commandes.
    • Savoir quoi faire et suivre les procédures d’urgence en cas d’accident.
    • Lire, comprendre et observer les instructions figurant dans le manuel d’utilisation fourni par l’entreprise fabricante.
    • Ne remorquer que les véhicules spécialement conçus pour cet usage.
    • Porter un harnais de sécurité relié à un point d’amarrage de la plate-forme.
    • Conserver en tout temps trois points d’appui (une main et deux pieds ou deux mains et un pied) pour monter sur la plate-forme ou en descendre.
    • Prendre pied solidement sur la plate-forme.
    • Garder les yeux sur la direction prise et s’assurer que le passage emprunté est solide et de niveau. Toujours être conscient des obstacles susceptibles de causer le renversement de la plate-forme ou son entrée en collision avec des personnes, des câbles, des lignes électriques, des véhicules, etc.
    • Ne pas grimper sur la plinthe, la traverse intermédiaire ou la traverse supérieure.
    • S’assurer que le portail d’accès est fermé.

Occupational Safety General Regulations

N.S. Reg. 44/99

Part 1 Title and Definitions

Section 2 Definitions

2. In these regulations,

(a) "Act" means the Occupational Health and Safety Act ;

(aa) "adequate" means sufficient to protect a person from injury or damage to health;

(b) "ALI" means the Automotive Lift Institute;

(ba) "angle of repose" means the angle with the horizontal at which material will no longer flow freely;

(c) "ANSI" means the American National Standards Institute;

(ca) "approved" means approved by the Department or by an agency or authority designated or selected by the Department to make approvals;

(d) "ASME" means the American Society of Mechanical Engineers;

(e) "ASTM" means the American Society for Testing and Materials;

(ea) "CGA" means the Compressed Gas Association;

(f) "CGSB" means the Canadian General Standards Board;

(g) "competent person" means a person who is

(i) qualified because of their knowledge, training and experience to do the assigned work in a manner that ensures the health and safety of every person in the workplace, and

(ii) knowledgeable about the provisions of the Act and regulations that apply to the assigned work, and about potential or actual danger to health or safety associated with the assigned work;

(ga) "compressed air" means air mechanically raised to a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure;

(h) "CSA" means the Canadian Standards Association;

(i) "demolition" means the destruction or removal of all, or part, of an existing building or structure;

(ia) "Department" means the Department of Labour and Advanced Education;

(j) "designated" means, in relation to an employer, appointed in writing by the employer;

(k) "electrical installation" means the wires, machinery, apparatus, appliances, devices, material and equipment used or intended for use for the generation, transmission, distribution, supply and use of electrical power or energy, and includes a power line and power line equipment;

(l) "engineer" means a person who is registered as a member or licensed to practise under the Engineering Profession Act and is competent to do the work being performed;

(m) "firefighter" means

(i) an employee who provides fire suppression services to the public from a fire department within a municipality or local service district, or

(ii) an industrial firefighter;

(n) "guardrail" means a fall protection system consisting of vertical and horizontal members that

(i) are capable of withstanding concentrated forces, as prescribed in these regulations or an applicable standard,

(ii) warn of a fall hazard, and

(iii) reduce the risk of a fall;

(o) "hazardous substance" means chemical or biological material, dangerous goods within the meaning of the Dangerous Goods Transportation Act or a controlled product within the meaning of the Hazardous Products Act (Canada) that is likely to, because of its harmful nature, cause injury or damage to the health or safety of a person exposed to it;

(p) "hoist" means a device or equipment and its structure used for lifting or lowering material, including cranes, an automotive lift, a winch, a chain fall or other similar device, but does not include a lift truck, a power operated elevating work platform, a device to which the Elevators and Lifts Act applies or a hoist that operates in a shaft in the underground at a mine;

(pa) "ITSDF" means the Industrial Truck Standards Development Foundation;

(q) "industrial firefighter" means an employee who

(i) is designated to fight fires at the employee's place of employment, and

(ii) is employed by an employer who does not, in the normal course of its business, provide fire suppression services to the public;

(qa) "latest version" means, in relation to a standard or other publication, the latest edition of the standard or publication as supplemented, amended, added to, replaced or superseded;

(r) "lift truck" means a lift truck as defined in the latest version of ANSI standard ANSI/ITSDF B56.1, "Safety Standard for Low Lift and High Lift Trucks";

(s) "locked out" means to have

(i) isolated the energy source or sources from a machine, equipment, tool or electrical installation,

(ii) dissipated any residual energy in a system, and

(iii) secured the isolation of the energy source or sources by an inhibiting device that is operated by a key or other process,

and to have performed a "lock-out" has a similar meaning;

(t) "machine" Repealed. [N.S. Reg. 52/2000, s. 1]

(u) "manufacturer's specifications" means

(i) the written instructions of a manufacturer of a machine, material, tool or equipment that outline the manner in which the machine, material, tool or equipment is to be erected, installed, assembled, started, operated, used, handled, stored, stopped, adjusted, carried, maintained, repaired, inspected, serviced, tested, cleaned or dismantled, and

(ii) a manufacturer's instruction, operating or maintenance manual and drawings respecting a machine, tool or equipment;

(ua) "mobile crane" means a mobile crane to which the latest version of CSA standard CSA Z150 , "Safety Code on Mobile Cranes" applies;

(v) "NFPA" means the National Fire Protection Association;

(va) "overhead crane" means any mechanical device or structure that is used to raise, lower and move material that travels overhead and that incorporates a

(i) power driven drum, bridge and cable or rope,

(ii) single or multiple girder, and

(iii) moveable bridge carrying a moveable or fixed hoisting mechanism,

but does not include wall cranes, cantilever gantry cranes and semi-gantry cranes;

(vb) "personal flotation device" means personal protective equipment that is capable of supporting a person with their head above water without the direct effort of the person wearing the equipment;

(w) "power line" means the above-ground or underground wiring that is used to distribute electricity;

(x) "power line equipment" means the components that are required to distribute electricity by means of a power line;

(y) "power operated elevating work platform" means a mobile horizontal working surface that provides access and support to a person at a workplace, and that is elevated and lowered by means of a mechanism and [that complies with] Part 23: Scaffolds and Other Elevated Work Platforms, of the Workplace Health and Safety Regulations made under the Act, including a standard listed in subsection (4) thereof;

(z) "powered mobile equipment" means self-propelled equipment that is designed to operate on land in conditions other than a public highway, but does not include equipment primarily designed to transport persons, a lift truck or a power operated elevating work platform;

(aa) "SAE" means the Society of Automotive Engineers;

(ab) "structural fire-fighting" means the activities of rescue, fire suppression and conservation of property from fires involving buildings, structures, vehicles, vessels, aircraft or other large objects constructed by human effort;

(ac) "surface mine" means a work or undertaking, other than a trench, for the purpose of opening up, proving, removing or extracting any metallic or non-metallic mineral or mineral bearing substance, rock, earth, clay, sand or gravel by means of an open excavation, and includes a pit or quarry;

(ad) "tower crane" means any mechanical device or structure that

(i) incorporates a power-driven drum and cable or rope and a vertical mast or tower and a jib,

(ii) is of the traveling, fixed or climbing type, and

(iii) is used exclusively for raising, lowering and moving material;

(ae)"trench" means an excavation in which the excavation depth exceeds the excavation width;

(af) "work area" means a location at the workplace at which an employee or self-employed person is or is likely to be working;

(ag) "worked" means drilled, blasted, extracted, excavated, loaded or subjected to other similar work.

[N.S. Reg. 52/2000, s. 1; 151/2003; 53/2013, ss. 1, 93]

Workplace Health and Safety Regulations

N.S. Reg. 52/2013

Part 21 FALL PROTECTION

Section 21.1 Definitions for Part 21

21.1 In this Part,

"arborist" means a person trained and employed, in whole or in part, to climb trees for an economic or scientific purpose, including any of the following:

(i) detecting and treating disease, infections or infestations,

(ii) pruning, spraying or trimming,

(iii) repairing damaged trees,

(iv) assessing growth or harvesting potential;

"body belt" means a body support device that encircles the body at or about the waist;

"energy absorber" means a component of a fall-protection system consisting of a device that dissipates kinetic energy and does not return it to the fall-arrest system or into a person's body;

"fall distance" means the vertical distance a person may fall, measured from the surface where the weight of a person is supported to the surface the person could fall onto;

"fall-arrest system" means a fall-protection system consisting of an assembly of components that arrests a person's fall when properly assembled, used together and connected to a suitable anchorage;

"fall-protection system" means any secondary system that is intended to prevent a person from falling or arrests a fall that occurs, and includes guardrails, temporary flooring, travel-restraint systems, personnel safety nets and fall-arrest systems;

"full-body harness" means a body-holding device, similar to a parachute harness, that transfers suspension forces or impacts during a fall arrest to a person's pelvis or skeleton;

"guardrail" means a fall-protection system consisting of vertical and horizontal members that

(i) are capable of withstanding concentrated forces, as prescribed in these regulations or an applicable standard,

(ii) warn of a fall hazard, and

(iii) reduce the risk of a fall;

"horizontal lifeline" means a flexible line made from wire, fibre rope, wire rope, or rod, with end terminations at both ends, that extends horizontally from one end anchorage to another;

"lanyard" means a flexible line or strap used to secure a full-body harness to an energy absorber, fall-arrester, lifeline or anchorage;

"lifeline" means a component of a fall-protection system consisting of a vertical lifeline or a horizontal lifeline;

"personnel safety net" means a fall-protection system that uses at least 1 net to stop a person who is falling before the person makes contact with a lower level or obstruction;

"elevating work-platform" means a mobile horizontal working surface that provides access and support to a person at a workplace, and that is elevated and lowered by means of a mechanism that complies with Part 23: Scaffolds and Other Elevated Work-platforms;

"safe surface" means an area that meets all of the following criteria:

(i) it is large enough and strong enough to adequately support a person who falls,

(ii) it is level enough to prevent a further fall by a person who has fallen,

"self-retracting device" means a device that arrests a person's fall by performing a tethering function while allowing vertical movement below the device to the maximum working length of the device;

"temporary flooring" means a fall-protection system consisting of a horizontal working surface that is designed, constructed and installed to provide access to areas that do not have permanent flooring by protecting a person from falling through an unprotected opening;

"travel restraint system" means a fall-protection system that will prevent a person from reaching an unprotected edge or opening;

"vertical lifeline" means a flexible lifeline with an end termination on the top end that is connected to an anchorage or anchorage connector and hangs vertically from where it is connected;

"work-platform" means a raised temporary horizontal working surface that provides access and support to a person at a workplace;

"work-positioning system" means an assembly of components that, when properly assembled and used together, supports a person in a position or location so that the person's hands are free in the work position, but does not include a boatswain's chair, ladder, rope access or scaffold.

Part 23 SCAFFOLDS AND OTHER ELEVATED WORK-PLATFORMS

Section 23.13 Elevating work-platforms

23.13 (1) An employer must ensure that portable, self-propelled and self-propelled boom-supported elevating work-platforms are designed, constructed, erected, maintained, inspected, monitored and used in accordance with the latest version of the following applicable standards:

(a) CSA standard CSA B354.1 , "Portable Elevating Work Platforms";

(b) CSA standard CSA B354.2 , "Self-Propelled Elevating Work Platforms";

(c) CSA standard CSA B354.4 , "Self-Propelled, Boom-Supported Elevating Work Platforms";

(d) CSA standard CSA C225 , "Vehicle Mounted Aerial Devices".

(2) An employer must ensure that elevating work-platforms used for fire-fighting are designed, constructed, erected, maintained, inspected, monitored and used in accordance with the latest version of the following applicable standards:

(a) NFPA standard NFPA 1901, "Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus";

(b) NFPA standard NFPA 1911, "Standard for the Inspection, Maintenance, Testing and Retirement of In Service Automotive Fire Apparatus".

(3) An employer must ensure that a record of inspections, tests, repairs, modifications and maintenance activities required by the applicable standards in subsections (1) and (2) includes the name and signature of the person or persons who performed the required activities.

(4) Whether or not guardrails are also installed, before operating the equipment in subsection (1) or (2), an employer must ensure, in accordance with Part 21: Fall Protection, that fall-arrest equipment is worn and anchored to a suitable anchorage.

Section 23.14 Crane-supported work-platforms

23.14 (1) An employer must ensure that a crane-supported work-platform is designed, maintained, inspected and used in accordance with the latest version of CSA standard CSA Z150 , "Safety Code on Mobile Cranes".

(2) An operator of a crane or hoist used to suspend a work-platform must have an effective means of constant communication with a person on the platform.

Section 23.15 Mast-climbing work-platforms

23.15 An employer must ensure that a mast-climbing work-platform is designed, constructed, erected, maintained, inspected and used in accordance with the latest version of CSA standard CSA B354.5 , "Mast-climbing work platforms".

Section 23.16 Lifting persons in certain equipment prohibited

23.16 Except as expressly permitted in these regulations or in some other enactment, a person must not be lifted or held aloft in equipment that is not specifically designed for that purpose, including loader buckets or backhoes.